The banding of the twelve tribes of Israel in Canaan was a political unification during an era when tribal cooperation was rare. Organized politics in American history started right after the election of George Washington as president. Although Washington opposed the establishment of political parties, their existence in U.S. government was inevitable given the different philosophies of how the new government should be organized. Although the party names and beliefs have changed over the years, the fundamental reason for political parties and politics remains intact. Political structures allow for representation of the people in the government. The United States government is a representative democracy, which means representatives are elected to vote in the name of the public on laws and policies of local, state, and federal significance. In other forms of government attaching public or government job, the representation may be different. In single party structures, such as those in some socialist countries, there is only one candidate running for office. The selection of the candidate is normally done by the party staff, so the public does not get a real voice in the selection process. The people in the party’s organization have the voices that determine the representatives in the government. Multi-party governments normally have several parties, none of which is strong enough to carry the entire parliament or federal governing body. In order to establish a majority voting block in the government, two or more parties must agree to work together, with either a formal or informal agreement. This type of arrangement is called a coalition government. Diplomacy and politics are the foundation for such negotiations.
As to the government employment by appointment, in state and local governing bodies, the status and duration of an appointment will vary according to the laws of each state. In some cities, for example, the position of chief of police may be an elected position. While in other communities, the police chief may be an appointed by the mayor’s office and approved by a city council. The term of office for an official may also vary. Furthermore, the method of removing appointed officers from their office varies as well. They may be removed by the desire of the appointing officer, by a recall vote, or perhaps by petition or impeachment. A Supreme Court Justice can only be removed by impeachment for corruption or abuse of the office. Each position has the means of removal of the officer stipulated in the same way the method of appointment is stipulated.
For elected government officials career, the entire process of obtaining office can be along and hard struggle. The higher the office, the more time is spent by the candidate to campaign for the position. City council members, mayors, congressional representatives, governors, and the President are all elected officials. Most of them will be attached to a political party, normally the Democratic or Republican party. They will begin by announcing their candidacy for a position. In most circumstances, they will need to have petitions signed to show that there are several hundred or several thousand registered voters who would be interested in having that person as a candidate.
After announcing their desire to run for office for stage government jobs, political candidates will proceed to advertise, speak in public and private gatherings, and meet with the public as frequently as possible in order to get their names in the minds of voters. A candidate must meet all the requirements to be placed on the election ballot. This may mean having a certain number or percentage of voters for the candidate in a primary election, collecting enough signatures on a petition nominating the candidate, or submitting the candidate’s name by a certain date before the election. For each candidate running for office, there is a staff that works for his or her election. These people may either be employed by the candidate or by the political party. These workers may also be volunteers donating their time and energy to the campaign. Again, the higher the office, the more workers will be needed for the candidate to be successful. Some people work for a candidate because they are particularly interested in seeing that particular person win the election and spearhead on a particular government project. In return, this politician needs to pay back what these supporters have been done by performing well in his entire government career.
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